Quenched and tempered (Q&T) steel is the class that delivers strength and toughness together. We put the six main EN 10083 grades — C45, 25CrMo4, 42CrMo4, 39NiCrMo3, 34CrNiMo6, 51CrV4 — into one table with chemistry, section-dependent values and selection criteria.
The vast majority of steels are magnetic — but not all. What decides it is not the alloy but the crystal structure: ferrite/martensite attracts, austenite doesn't. Why 304/316 stainless doesn't stick, and where the magnet test reaches its limits.
EN8, EN19, EN24… the old codes of the British BS 970 system still live in ordering language from the UK to India and the Middle East. Each grade's modern EN/DIN equivalent, chemistry, mechanical values and the datasheet it maps to — in one table.
Cementite (Fe₃C) is the compound of iron and carbon and one of the hardest phases in steel: ~800 HV. On its own it is glass-brittle — but combined correctly with ferrite it becomes the true source of steel's strength. From pearlite to bearing steel, all the forms of cementite.
We explain weld neck, slip-on, blind, socket weld, threaded, lap joint and orifice flanges — their construction, facing types (RF/FF/RTJ), pressure classes and selection criteria.
Comprehensive technical guide to the ASME B16.5 flange standard. Pressure classes, flange types, material groups, and pressure-temperature ratings explained in detail.
Comprehensive guide to steel hardness testing methods. Comparison of Rockwell (HRC), Brinell (HB), and Vickers (HV) methods, conversion tables, and proper method selection.
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